Identification of Curvularia eragrostidis (Henn.) J.A.Mey. the Leaf Spot Pathogen of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and It’s Control by False Elder (Peronema canescens Jack) Leaf Extract
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v6i2.111Keywords:
Curvularia eragrostidis, disease, false elder, leaf spot, oil palmAbstract
Oil palm is the main vegetable oil-producing crop in Indonesia. Leaf spot disease is one of the major diseases that attacks oil palm seedlings at all seedling stages. In Indonesia, leaf spot disease in oil palm nurseries is most commonly caused by the genus Curvularia with an infection intensity of up to 60–70%. The control of leaf spot disease usually uses chemical fungicides but its continuous use can cause the development of resistant pathogen fungi and have a long-term negative impact on the environment. False elder (Peronema canescens Jack) leaves have bioactivity as an antimicrobial control disease caused by fungal infections. In this study, Curvularia was isolated from oil palm seedlings infected with leaf spot disease from oil palm nurseries in South Sumatra. Effectiveness testing of P. canescens leaves conducted by a Completely Randomized Design method with five treatments and three replications. The fungi that caused leaf spot disease in oil palm were identified as Curvularia eragrostidis. P. canescens leaf water extract at 25% concentration was very ineffective to quite effective in controlling disease severity based on the average number of spots and diameter of spots in oil palm with the values 36.25–59.50% and 12.50–27.78%. P. canescens leaf water extract could reduce the average number of spots and diameter of spots started on day 30 after being sprayed three times with P. canescens leaf water extract so that it could be used as an alternative to control C. eragrostidis leaf spot disease in oil palm that is more friendly to the environment.
Downloads
References
Agustina D, Prihatna C, Suwanto A. 2019. Rapid inoculation technique and biological control of leaf spot disease in oil palm. Int. J of Oil Palm. 2(1):1–11. DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i1.24.
Corley R and Tinker P. 2015. The Oil Palm, 5th Edition. New York (US): Wiley-Blackwell.
Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. 2020. Statistik Perkebunan Unggulan Nasional 2019–2021. Jakarta (ID): Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan.
Elfina YE, Muhammad Ali, Lilis Aryanti. 2015. Uji beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak tepung daun sirih hutan (Piper aduncum L.) untuk mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai merah pasca panen. J Sagu. 14(2):18– 27.
El-Shafey RA, Attia KA, Mostafa FA and Elamawi RM. 2018. Incidence and molecular identification of Cochlio-bolus carbonum as causal organism of rice seedling blight. J Basic Appl Sci. 7(4):652–662.
Emilia I, Setiawan AA, Novianti D, Mutiara D, Rangga R. 2023. Skrining fitokimia ekstrak daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) secara infundasi dan maserasi. Indobiosains. 5(2):95–102.
Goh KJ, Wong CK, Ng PHC. 2017. Oil Palm. In: Brian Thomas, Brian G. Murray, dan Denis J. Murphy, editors. Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences. MA: Academic Press. p. 382–390.
Izzati MZNA, Abdullah F. 2008. Disease suppression in ganoderma-infected oil palm seedlings treated with Tricho-derma harzianum. Plant Protect Sci. 44(3):101–107.
Kittimorakul J, Sunpapao A, Duangpan S, Anothai J, Eksomtramage T. 2019. Screening of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) varieties for resistance to Curvularia leaf spot disease. Aust J Crop Sci. 13(4):507–512.
Marin-Felix Y, Hernandez-Restrepo M, and Crous PW. 2020. Multi-locus phylogeny of the genus Curvularia and description of ten new species. Mycol Prog. 19:559–588. DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01576-6.
Pandey S, Kumar R, Rishi R, Giri K, Mishra G. 2014. First report of Curvularia malucans causing severe leaf necrosis of Curculigo orchoides in India. J Biol Earth Sci. 4(2):176–178.
Pornsuriya C, Sunpapao A, Srihanant N, Worapattamasri K, Kittimorakul J, Phithakkit S, Petcharat V. 2013. A survey of diseases and disorders in oil palms of Southern Thailand. Plant Pathol J. 12(4):169–175.
Priwiratama H. 2017. Gejala, faktor pencetus dan penanganan bercak daun Culvularia dan antraknosa di pembibitan kelapa sawit. Warta PPKS. 23(1):25–34.
Priwiratama H, Widiyatmoko B. 2022. Potensi teknologi iradiasi energi foton untuk pengendalian penyakit bercak daun Curvularia sp. pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Warta PPKS. 27(3):134–145.
Qaisar MH, Rajput NA, Atiq M, Rehman A, Kachelo GA, Ahmed H, Zafar H, Shaheen HMU, Rani HK. 2023. Inhibitory effect of polygram df and Capsicum annum on leaf spot of rose caused by Curvularia lunata in vitro and in planta. Plant Sci Today. 10(3):188–196.
Salleh BSB, Safinat A, Julia L, Teo CH. 1996. Brown spot caused by Curvularia spp., a new disease of asparagus. Biotropia. 9:26–37.
Sari DRAP, Listiani PAR. 2022. Perbandingan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak etanol daun ungu (Graptophyllum pictum l. Griff) berdasarkan perbedaan metode pengeringan. Media Farm. 18(1):91–96. DOI: 10.32382/mf.v18i1.2525.
Sivanesan A. 1987. Graminicolous Species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, Exserohilum and Their Teleomorphs. United Kingdom: C.A.B. International.
Subramanian. 1953. Fungi imperfecti from Madras: Curvularia. Indian Acad Sci. 38(1):27–39.
Susanto A, Prasetyo AE. 2013. Respons Curvularia lunata penyebab penyakit bercak daun kelapa sawit terhadap berbagai fungisida. JFI. 9(6):165–165. DOI: 10.14692/jfi.9.6.165.
Sharma MK. 2023. Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams (Thallophyta) Vol.1. Chhattisgarh (IN): Insta Publishing.
Stevi M, Pavlovi B, Tanovi B. 2017. Efficacy of Fungicides with different modes of action in raspberry spur blight (Didymella applanata) control. Pestic Fitomed. 32(1):25–32.
Turner PD. 1971. Recent survey of oil palm diseases in Indonesia. FAO Plant Prot Bull.19:49–56.
Utami N, Auliah A, Dini I. 2022. Studi kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder beberapa ekstrak anging (Usnea sp.) dan uji bioaktivitasnya terhadap (Candida albicans). Chemica. 23(1):90–98.
Zarafi AB, Moumoudou U. 2010. In vitro and in vivo control of pearl millet midrib spot using plant extracts. J Appl Biosci. 35:2287–2293.
Zubrod JP, Bundschuh M, Arts G, Bruhl CA, Imfeld G, Knabel A, Payraudeau S, Rasmussen JJ, Rohr J, Scharmuller A, Smalling K. 2019. Fungicides: an overlooked pesticide class. Environ Sci Technol. 53(7):3347–3365. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04392.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Oil Palm
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
